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During the past few years several studies have
2020-12-30
During the past few years, several studies have addressed macrophage phenotype in experimental models, such as angiotensin II-induced AAA. A first study investigated macrophage phenotype using flow cytometry to identify M1 and M2 macrophages and qPCR analysis for expression of NOS2 and Ym1/2. The au
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While these previous correlative studies have measured tDDR
2020-12-30
While these previous correlative studies have measured tDDR1 protein by IHC, these studies have not considered that pDDR1 could also be an important marker of cancer prognosis. A phosphoproteomic survey of lung cancer tissues did identify pDDR1 as one of the most commonly phosphorylated receptor kin
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Our results indicate an OT
2020-12-30
Our results indicate an OT-specific activation of PKR that inactivates eIF2a and may, by this means, reduce protein translation by utilizing only select sensors and mediators of the UPR (i.e., avoiding significant PERK activation). Interferon is a PKR activator [32] that temporarily subdues cellular
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Why are Tfh cell dynamics so
2020-12-30
Why are Tfh cell dynamics so fundamentally different in naive and immune animals? Initially, GC V5 Epitope must pass stringent affinity and specificity checkpoints to ensure only high-affinity non-self-reactive cells are selected. Therefore, restricting primary Tfh cells with the greatest helper ca
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br Materials and method br Results and discussion
2020-12-29
Materials and method Results and discussion We carried out DNA ligation using free and immobilized T4 DNA ligase in the absence of a magnetic field at 16°C, where the enzyme concentration (final concentration after mixing the solutions for the reaction) in both cases was 0.40μg/mL, and found t
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br Enzymes involved in microbial steroid degradation are gen
2020-12-29
Enzymes involved in microbial steroid degradation are generally not expressed constitutively, but they are upregulated depending on which steroid substrates are present [17,81]. Thus, a cell-free extract prepared from testosterone-adapted C. testosteroni ATCC 11996 cells displayed a 1(2)-dehydroge
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br Conclusion CSF R may contribute to limitation
2020-12-29
Conclusion CSF-1R may contribute to limitation of targeted therapies by providing EGFR-bypassing signals that support proliferation. Multi-kinase inhibitors such as cabozantinib are available, and agents targeting CSF-1R are in clinical trials, however, at present, as inhibitors of tumor-associat
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Placental insufficiency is regarded as the main
2020-12-29
Placental insufficiency is regarded as the main etiology for FGR. Placental development is highly unique in eutherians and is regulated by numerous factors. For example, the novel retrotransposon-derived gene retrotransposon-like 1 (RTL1) was recently shown to play a key role in placental developmen
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Indomethacin br Multi hierarchical structure of
2020-12-29
Multi-hierarchical structure of collagen Protein structure is the foundation of protein functions and properties. It is generally accepted that the protein has biological function only when it has tertiary structure or above. Among the identified 28 types of collagen, most is known about type I c
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The P H activity and
2020-12-29
The P4H activity and the large number of 4-Hyp residues that are formed, amounting to half of all the Pro residues or 10% of all residues, have been identified as having a clear role in the structure and chemistry of the triple helix [3]. The role of the rare 3-Hyp residues is less clear and is stil
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Through the process of alternative splicing the IKZF
2020-12-29
Through the process of alternative splicing, the IKZF1 gene is capable of encoding a large number of Ikaros isoforms (Molnar et al., 1996). Some of these isoforms were shown to have distinct functions (Li et al., 2011, Ronni et al., 2007). Ikaros protein contains four zinc fingers at the N-terminus
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In the present study we examined whether
2020-12-29
In the present study we examined whether the gene for estrogen receptor alpha, Esr1, plays a role in the expression of maternal memory in female rats. The approach utilized a newly developed rat Esr1 knockout (KO) rat model (Rumi et al., 2014) to evaluate whether deletion of the Esr1 TAK-285 affecte
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To develop antagonists selective for the mouse EP
2020-12-29
To develop antagonists selective for the mouse EP1 receptor, we started with compound (), synthesized as previously described (). Diethyl dipicolinic WM-2474 () was reduced with NaBH to . Parikh–Doering oxidation of with sulfur trioxide–pyridine complex and DMSO produced the unstable aldehyde . 4-Ch
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The ultrafiltration approach has been
2020-12-29
The ultrafiltration approach has been used to measure equilibrium BIEs for a number of enzyme systems, including R-848 hexokinase (Lewis and Schramm, 2003a, Lewis and Schramm, 2003b), thymidine phosphorylase (Birck & Schramm, 2004), purine nucleoside phosphorylase (Murkin, Tyler, & Schramm, 2008),
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br Materials and methods br Results br
2020-12-29
Materials and methods Results Discussion We recently detected phosphorylation of tyrosine Y102 in BPV-1 E2 and reported that FGFR3 binds to E2 and limits E1 dependent viral DNA replication (Culleton et al., 2017, Xie et al., 2017). In the current study, we addressed the potential role of ot
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